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2.43.0
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DESCRIPTION
Hooks are programs you can place in a hooks directory to trigger actions at certain points in git’s execution. Hooks that don’t have the executable bit set are ignored.
By default the hooks directory is $GIT_DIR/hooks
, but that can be
changed via the core.hooksPath
configuration variable (see
git-config[1]).
Before Git invokes a hook, it changes its working directory to either $GIT_DIR in a bare repository or the root of the working tree in a non-bare repository. An exception are hooks triggered during a push (pre-receive, update, post-receive, post-update, push-to-checkout) which are always executed in $GIT_DIR.
Environment variables, such as GIT_DIR
, GIT_WORK_TREE
, etc., are exported
so that Git commands run by the hook can correctly locate the repository. If
your hook needs to invoke Git commands in a foreign repository or in a
different working tree of the same repository, then it should clear these
environment variables so they do not interfere with Git operations at the
foreign location. For example:
local_desc=$(git describe) foreign_desc=$(unset $(git rev-parse --local-env-vars); git -C ../foreign-repo describe)
Hooks can get their arguments via the environment, command-line arguments, and stdin. See the documentation for each hook below for details.
git init
may copy hooks to the new repository, depending on its
configuration. See the "TEMPLATE DIRECTORY" section in
git-init[1] for details. When the rest of this document refers
to "default hooks" it’s talking about the default template shipped
with Git.
The currently supported hooks are described below.
HOOKS
applypatch-msg
This hook is invoked by git-am[1]. It takes a single
parameter, the name of the file that holds the proposed commit
log message. Exiting with a non-zero status causes git am
to abort
before applying the patch.
The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can be used to normalize the message into some project standard format. It can also be used to refuse the commit after inspecting the message file.
The default applypatch-msg hook, when enabled, runs the commit-msg hook, if the latter is enabled.
pre-applypatch
This hook is invoked by git-am[1]. It takes no parameter, and is invoked after the patch is applied, but before a commit is made.
If it exits with non-zero status, then the working tree will not be committed after applying the patch.
It can be used to inspect the current working tree and refuse to make a commit if it does not pass certain tests.
The default pre-applypatch hook, when enabled, runs the pre-commit hook, if the latter is enabled.
post-applypatch
This hook is invoked by git-am[1]. It takes no parameter, and is invoked after the patch is applied and a commit is made.
This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
the outcome of git am
.
pre-commit
This hook is invoked by git-commit[1], and can be bypassed
with the --no-verify
option. It takes no parameters, and is
invoked before obtaining the proposed commit log message and
making a commit. Exiting with a non-zero status from this script
causes the git commit
command to abort before creating a commit.
The default pre-commit hook, when enabled, catches introduction of lines with trailing whitespaces and aborts the commit when such a line is found.
All the git commit
hooks are invoked with the environment
variable GIT_EDITOR=:
if the command will not bring up an editor
to modify the commit message.
The default pre-commit hook, when enabled—and with the
hooks.allownonascii
config option unset or set to false—prevents
the use of non-ASCII filenames.
pre-merge-commit
This hook is invoked by git-merge[1], and can be bypassed
with the --no-verify
option. It takes no parameters, and is
invoked after the merge has been carried out successfully and before
obtaining the proposed commit log message to
make a commit. Exiting with a non-zero status from this script
causes the git merge
command to abort before creating a commit.
The default pre-merge-commit hook, when enabled, runs the pre-commit hook, if the latter is enabled.
This hook is invoked with the environment variable
GIT_EDITOR=:
if the command will not bring up an editor
to modify the commit message.
If the merge cannot be carried out automatically, the conflicts need to be resolved and the result committed separately (see git-merge[1]). At that point, this hook will not be executed, but the pre-commit hook will, if it is enabled.
prepare-commit-msg
This hook is invoked by git-commit[1] right after preparing the default log message, and before the editor is started.
It takes one to three parameters. The first is the name of the file
that contains the commit log message. The second is the source of the commit
message, and can be: message
(if a -m
or -F
option was
given); template
(if a -t
option was given or the
configuration option commit.template
is set); merge
(if the
commit is a merge or a .git/MERGE_MSG
file exists); squash
(if a .git/SQUASH_MSG
file exists); or commit
, followed by
a commit object name (if a -c
, -C
or --amend
option was given).
If the exit status is non-zero, git commit
will abort.
The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place, and
it is not suppressed by the --no-verify
option. A non-zero exit
means a failure of the hook and aborts the commit. It should not
be used as a replacement for the pre-commit hook.
The sample prepare-commit-msg
hook that comes with Git removes the
help message found in the commented portion of the commit template.
commit-msg
This hook is invoked by git-commit[1] and git-merge[1], and can be
bypassed with the --no-verify
option. It takes a single parameter,
the name of the file that holds the proposed commit log message.
Exiting with a non-zero status causes the command to abort.
The hook is allowed to edit the message file in place, and can be used to normalize the message into some project standard format. It can also be used to refuse the commit after inspecting the message file.
The default commit-msg hook, when enabled, detects duplicate
Signed-off-by
trailers, and aborts the commit if one is found.
post-commit
This hook is invoked by git-commit[1]. It takes no parameters, and is invoked after a commit is made.
This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
the outcome of git commit
.
pre-rebase
This hook is called by git-rebase[1] and can be used to prevent a branch from getting rebased. The hook may be called with one or two parameters. The first parameter is the upstream from which the series was forked. The second parameter is the branch being rebased, and is not set when rebasing the current branch.
post-checkout
This hook is invoked when a git-checkout[1] or
git-switch[1] is run after having updated the
worktree. The hook is given three parameters: the ref of the previous HEAD,
the ref of the new HEAD (which may or may not have changed), and a flag
indicating whether the checkout was a branch checkout (changing branches,
flag=1) or a file checkout (retrieving a file from the index, flag=0).
This hook cannot affect the outcome of git switch
or git checkout
,
other than that the hook’s exit status becomes the exit status of
these two commands.
It is also run after git-clone[1], unless the --no-checkout
(-n
) option is
used. The first parameter given to the hook is the null-ref, the second the
ref of the new HEAD and the flag is always 1. Likewise for git worktree add
unless --no-checkout
is used.
This hook can be used to perform repository validity checks, auto-display differences from the previous HEAD if different, or set working dir metadata properties.
post-merge
This hook is invoked by git-merge[1], which happens when a git pull
is done on a local repository. The hook takes a single parameter, a status
flag specifying whether or not the merge being done was a squash merge.
This hook cannot affect the outcome of git merge
and is not executed,
if the merge failed due to conflicts.
This hook can be used in conjunction with a corresponding pre-commit hook to save and restore any form of metadata associated with the working tree (e.g.: permissions/ownership, ACLS, etc). See contrib/hooks/setgitperms.perl for an example of how to do this.
pre-push
This hook is called by git-push[1] and can be used to prevent a push from taking place. The hook is called with two parameters which provide the name and location of the destination remote, if a named remote is not being used both values will be the same.
Information about what is to be pushed is provided on the hook’s standard input with lines of the form:
<local ref> SP <local object name> SP <remote ref> SP <remote object name> LF
For instance, if the command git push origin master:foreign
were run the
hook would receive a line like the following:
refs/heads/master 67890 refs/heads/foreign 12345
although the full object name would be supplied. If the foreign ref does not
yet exist the <remote object name>
will be the all-zeroes object name. If a
ref is to be deleted, the <local ref>
will be supplied as (delete)
and the
<local object name>
will be the all-zeroes object name. If the local commit
was specified by something other than a name which could be expanded (such as
HEAD~
, or an object name) it will be supplied as it was originally given.
If this hook exits with a non-zero status, git push
will abort without
pushing anything. Information about why the push is rejected may be sent
to the user by writing to standard error.
pre-receive
This hook is invoked by git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
git push
and updates reference(s) in its repository.
Just before starting to update refs on the remote repository, the
pre-receive hook is invoked. Its exit status determines the success
or failure of the update.
This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no arguments, but for each ref to be updated it receives on standard input a line of the format:
<old-value> SP <new-value> SP <ref-name> LF
where <old-value>
is the old object name stored in the ref,
<new-value>
is the new object name to be stored in the ref and
<ref-name>
is the full name of the ref.
When creating a new ref, <old-value>
is the all-zeroes object name.
If the hook exits with non-zero status, none of the refs will be updated. If the hook exits with zero, updating of individual refs can still be prevented by the update hook.
Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
git send-pack
on the other end, so you can simply echo
messages
for the user.
The number of push options given on the command line of
git push --push-option=...
can be read from the environment
variable GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT
, and the options themselves are
found in GIT_PUSH_OPTION_0
, GIT_PUSH_OPTION_1
,…
If it is negotiated to not use the push options phase, the
environment variables will not be set. If the client selects
to use push options, but doesn’t transmit any, the count variable
will be set to zero, GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=0
.
See the section on "Quarantine Environment" in git-receive-pack[1] for some caveats.
update
This hook is invoked by git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
git push
and updates reference(s) in its repository.
Just before updating the ref on the remote repository, the update hook
is invoked. Its exit status determines the success or failure of
the ref update.
The hook executes once for each ref to be updated, and takes three parameters:
-
the name of the ref being updated,
-
the old object name stored in the ref,
-
and the new object name to be stored in the ref.
A zero exit from the update hook allows the ref to be updated.
Exiting with a non-zero status prevents git receive-pack
from updating that ref.
This hook can be used to prevent forced update on certain refs by making sure that the object name is a commit object that is a descendant of the commit object named by the old object name. That is, to enforce a "fast-forward only" policy.
It could also be used to log the old..new status. However, it does not know the entire set of branches, so it would end up firing one e-mail per ref when used naively, though. The post-receive hook is more suited to that.
In an environment that restricts the users' access only to git commands over the wire, this hook can be used to implement access control without relying on filesystem ownership and group membership. See git-shell[1] for how you might use the login shell to restrict the user’s access to only git commands.
Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
git send-pack
on the other end, so you can simply echo
messages
for the user.
The default update hook, when enabled—and with
hooks.allowunannotated
config option unset or set to false—prevents
unannotated tags from being pushed.
proc-receive
This hook is invoked by git-receive-pack[1]. If the server has
set the multi-valued config variable receive.procReceiveRefs
, and the
commands sent to receive-pack have matching reference names, these
commands will be executed by this hook, instead of by the internal
execute_commands()
function. This hook is responsible for updating
the relevant references and reporting the results back to receive-pack.
This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no arguments, but uses a pkt-line format protocol to communicate with receive-pack to read commands, push-options and send results. In the following example for the protocol, the letter S stands for receive-pack and the letter H stands for this hook.
# Version and features negotiation. S: PKT-LINE(version=1\0push-options atomic...) S: flush-pkt H: PKT-LINE(version=1\0push-options...) H: flush-pkt
# Send commands from server to the hook. S: PKT-LINE(<old-oid> <new-oid> <ref>) S: ... ... S: flush-pkt # Send push-options only if the 'push-options' feature is enabled. S: PKT-LINE(push-option) S: ... ... S: flush-pkt
# Receive results from the hook. # OK, run this command successfully. H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>) # NO, I reject it. H: PKT-LINE(ng <ref> <reason>) # Fall through, let 'receive-pack' execute it. H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>) H: PKT-LINE(option fall-through) # OK, but has an alternate reference. The alternate reference name # and other status can be given in option directives. H: PKT-LINE(ok <ref>) H: PKT-LINE(option refname <refname>) H: PKT-LINE(option old-oid <old-oid>) H: PKT-LINE(option new-oid <new-oid>) H: PKT-LINE(option forced-update) H: ... ... H: flush-pkt
Each command for the proc-receive hook may point to a pseudo-reference and always has a zero-old as its old-oid, while the proc-receive hook may update an alternate reference and the alternate reference may exist already with a non-zero old-oid. For this case, this hook will use "option" directives to report extended attributes for the reference given by the leading "ok" directive.
The report of the commands of this hook should have the same order as the input. The exit status of the proc-receive hook only determines the success or failure of the group of commands sent to it, unless atomic push is in use.
post-receive
This hook is invoked by git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
git push
and updates reference(s) in its repository.
It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have
been updated.
This hook executes once for the receive operation. It takes no arguments, but gets the same information as the pre-receive hook does on its standard input.
This hook does not affect the outcome of git receive-pack
, as it
is called after the real work is done.
This supersedes the post-update hook in that it gets both old and new values of all the refs in addition to their names.
Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
git send-pack
on the other end, so you can simply echo
messages
for the user.
The default post-receive hook is empty, but there is
a sample script post-receive-email
provided in the contrib/hooks
directory in Git distribution, which implements sending commit
emails.
The number of push options given on the command line of
git push --push-option=...
can be read from the environment
variable GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT
, and the options themselves are
found in GIT_PUSH_OPTION_0
, GIT_PUSH_OPTION_1
,…
If it is negotiated to not use the push options phase, the
environment variables will not be set. If the client selects
to use push options, but doesn’t transmit any, the count variable
will be set to zero, GIT_PUSH_OPTION_COUNT=0
.
post-update
This hook is invoked by git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
git push
and updates reference(s) in its repository.
It executes on the remote repository once after all the refs have
been updated.
It takes a variable number of parameters, each of which is the name of ref that was actually updated.
This hook is meant primarily for notification, and cannot affect
the outcome of git receive-pack
.
The post-update hook can tell what are the heads that were pushed, but it does not know what their original and updated values are, so it is a poor place to do log old..new. The post-receive hook does get both original and updated values of the refs. You might consider it instead if you need them.
When enabled, the default post-update hook runs
git update-server-info
to keep the information used by dumb
transports (e.g., HTTP) up to date. If you are publishing
a Git repository that is accessible via HTTP, you should
probably enable this hook.
Both standard output and standard error output are forwarded to
git send-pack
on the other end, so you can simply echo
messages
for the user.
reference-transaction
This hook is invoked by any Git command that performs reference updates. It executes whenever a reference transaction is prepared, committed or aborted and may thus get called multiple times. The hook does not cover symbolic references (but that may change in the future).
The hook takes exactly one argument, which is the current state the given reference transaction is in:
-
"prepared": All reference updates have been queued to the transaction and references were locked on disk.
-
"committed": The reference transaction was committed and all references now have their respective new value.
-
"aborted": The reference transaction was aborted, no changes were performed and the locks have been released.
For each reference update that was added to the transaction, the hook receives on standard input a line of the format:
<old-value> SP <new-value> SP <ref-name> LF
where <old-value>
is the old object name passed into the reference
transaction, <new-value>
is the new object name to be stored in the
ref and <ref-name>
is the full name of the ref. When force updating
the reference regardless of its current value or when the reference is
to be created anew, <old-value>
is the all-zeroes object name. To
distinguish these cases, you can inspect the current value of
<ref-name>
via git rev-parse
.
The exit status of the hook is ignored for any state except for the "prepared" state. In the "prepared" state, a non-zero exit status will cause the transaction to be aborted. The hook will not be called with "aborted" state in that case.
push-to-checkout
This hook is invoked by git-receive-pack[1] when it reacts to
git push
and updates reference(s) in its repository, and when
the push tries to update the branch that is currently checked out
and the receive.denyCurrentBranch
configuration variable is set to
updateInstead
. Such a push by default is refused if the working
tree and the index of the remote repository has any difference from
the currently checked out commit; when both the working tree and the
index match the current commit, they are updated to match the newly
pushed tip of the branch. This hook is to be used to override the
default behaviour.
The hook receives the commit with which the tip of the current branch is going to be updated. It can exit with a non-zero status to refuse the push (when it does so, it must not modify the index or the working tree). Or it can make any necessary changes to the working tree and to the index to bring them to the desired state when the tip of the current branch is updated to the new commit, and exit with a zero status.
For example, the hook can simply run git read-tree -u -m HEAD "$1"
in order to emulate git fetch
that is run in the reverse direction
with git push
, as the two-tree form of git read-tree -u -m
is
essentially the same as git switch
or git checkout
that switches branches while
keeping the local changes in the working tree that do not interfere
with the difference between the branches.
pre-auto-gc
This hook is invoked by git gc --auto
(see git-gc[1]). It
takes no parameter, and exiting with non-zero status from this script
causes the git gc --auto
to abort.
post-rewrite
This hook is invoked by commands that rewrite commits
(git-commit[1] when called with --amend
and
git-rebase[1]; however, full-history (re)writing tools like
git-fast-import[1] or
git-filter-repo typically
do not call it!). Its first argument denotes the command it was
invoked by: currently one of amend
or rebase
. Further
command-dependent arguments may be passed in the future.
The hook receives a list of the rewritten commits on stdin, in the format
<old-object-name> SP <new-object-name> [ SP <extra-info> ] LF
The extra-info is again command-dependent. If it is empty, the preceding SP is also omitted. Currently, no commands pass any extra-info.
The hook always runs after the automatic note copying (see "notes.rewrite.<command>" in git-config[1]) has happened, and thus has access to these notes.
The following command-specific comments apply:
sendemail-validate
This hook is invoked by git-send-email[1].
It takes these command line arguments. They are, 1. the name of the file which holds the contents of the email to be sent. 2. The name of the file which holds the SMTP headers of the email.
The SMTP headers are passed in the exact same way as they are passed to the user’s Mail Transport Agent (MTA). In effect, the email given to the user’s MTA, is the contents of $2 followed by the contents of $1.
An example of a few common headers is shown below. Take notice of the capitalization and multi-line tab structure.
From: Example <from@example.com> To: to@example.com Cc: cc@example.com, A <author@example.com>, One <one@example.com>, two@example.com Subject: PATCH-STRING
Exiting with a non-zero status causes git send-email
to abort
before sending any e-mails.
The following environment variables are set when executing the hook.
-
GIT_SENDEMAIL_FILE_COUNTER
-
A 1-based counter incremented by one for every file holding an e-mail to be sent (excluding any FIFOs). This counter does not follow the patch series counter scheme. It will always start at 1 and will end at GIT_SENDEMAIL_FILE_TOTAL.
-
GIT_SENDEMAIL_FILE_TOTAL
-
The total number of files that will be sent (excluding any FIFOs). This counter does not follow the patch series counter scheme. It will always be equal to the number of files being sent, whether there is a cover letter or not.
These variables may for instance be used to validate patch series.
The sample sendemail-validate
hook that comes with Git checks that all sent
patches (excluding the cover letter) can be applied on top of the upstream
repository default branch without conflicts. Some placeholders are left for
additional validation steps to be performed after all patches of a given series
have been applied.
fsmonitor-watchman
This hook is invoked when the configuration option core.fsmonitor
is
set to .git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchman
or .git/hooks/fsmonitor-watchmanv2
depending on the version of the hook to use.
Version 1 takes two arguments, a version (1) and the time in elapsed nanoseconds since midnight, January 1, 1970.
Version 2 takes two arguments, a version (2) and a token that is used for identifying changes since the token. For watchman this would be a clock id. This version must output to stdout the new token followed by a NUL before the list of files.
The hook should output to stdout the list of all files in the working directory that may have changed since the requested time. The logic should be inclusive so that it does not miss any potential changes. The paths should be relative to the root of the working directory and be separated by a single NUL.
It is OK to include files which have not actually changed. All changes including newly-created and deleted files should be included. When files are renamed, both the old and the new name should be included.
Git will limit what files it checks for changes as well as which directories are checked for untracked files based on the path names given.
An optimized way to tell git "all files have changed" is to return
the filename /
.
The exit status determines whether git will use the data from the hook to limit its search. On error, it will fall back to verifying all files and folders.
p4-changelist
This hook is invoked by git-p4 submit
.
The p4-changelist
hook is executed after the changelist
message has been edited by the user. It can be bypassed with the
--no-verify
option. It takes a single parameter, the name
of the file that holds the proposed changelist text. Exiting
with a non-zero status causes the command to abort.
The hook is allowed to edit the changelist file and can be used to normalize the text into some project standard format. It can also be used to refuse the Submit after inspect the message file.
Run git-p4 submit --help
for details.
p4-prepare-changelist
This hook is invoked by git-p4 submit
.
The p4-prepare-changelist
hook is executed right after preparing
the default changelist message and before the editor is started.
It takes one parameter, the name of the file that contains the
changelist text. Exiting with a non-zero status from the script
will abort the process.
The purpose of the hook is to edit the message file in place,
and it is not suppressed by the --no-verify
option. This hook
is called even if --prepare-p4-only
is set.
Run git-p4 submit --help
for details.
p4-post-changelist
This hook is invoked by git-p4 submit
.
The p4-post-changelist
hook is invoked after the submit has
successfully occurred in P4. It takes no parameters and is meant
primarily for notification and cannot affect the outcome of the
git p4 submit action.
Run git-p4 submit --help
for details.
p4-pre-submit
This hook is invoked by git-p4 submit
. It takes no parameters and nothing
from standard input. Exiting with non-zero status from this script prevent
git-p4 submit
from launching. It can be bypassed with the --no-verify
command line option. Run git-p4 submit --help
for details.
post-index-change
This hook is invoked when the index is written in read-cache.c do_write_locked_index.
The first parameter passed to the hook is the indicator for the working directory being updated. "1" meaning working directory was updated or "0" when the working directory was not updated.
The second parameter passed to the hook is the indicator for whether or not the index was updated and the skip-worktree bit could have changed. "1" meaning skip-worktree bits could have been updated and "0" meaning they were not.
Only one parameter should be set to "1" when the hook runs. The hook running passing "1", "1" should not be possible.
GIT
Part of the git[1] suite